How is -1.0 volts CSE converted to an Ag/AgCI reference electrode?

To convert a given potential from a Copper/Copper Sulfate Electrode (CSE) to a silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode, specific conversion factors must be applied. The CSE is typically around +0.1 volts against a standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), while the Ag/AgCl reference is around +0.197 volts against the same SHE at standard conditions.

When starting with a potential of -1.0 volts CSE, the conversion process involves determining how that value translates into the potential of an Ag/AgCl reference.

1. First, you note that -1.0 volts CSE equates to approximately -1.1 volts against SHE (considering that CSE is +0.1 volt).
2. Then, you translate this voltage to Ag/AgCl by using the known value of Ag/AgCl relative to SHE, which is +0.197 volts.
3. Therefore, the equation would be: -1.1 volts (CSE) + 0.197 volts (Ag/AgCl reference) results in about -0.903 volts.
4. When taking into account the typical reference voltage of -0.850 volts against