Resistance to current flow is lowest for:

The correct choice, indicating that resistance to current flow is lowest for a short length of conductor, aligns with the fundamental principles of electrical resistance. Resistance is determined by the formula:

[ R = \frac{\rho L}{A} ]

where ( R ) is resistance, ( \rho ) is resistivity of the material, ( L ) is the length of the conductor, and ( A ) is the cross-sectional area. From this equation, it is clear that resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor. Therefore, as the length decreases, resistance decreases.

This means that in a short conductor, electrons encounter fewer obstacles, allowing them to flow more freely and creating less overall resistance. As a result, for electric current, a shorter length of conductor indeed supports lower resistance, optimizing the flow of electricity through the material.

In contrast, longer conductors result in greater resistance due to the increased length, which offers more opportunities for collisions of electrons with atoms of the material, leading to energy loss in the form of heat. High resistivity media also contribute to higher resistance, meaning that the materials themselves hinder the flow of current significantly compared to better conducting materials. Low conductivity media, on the other hand, also