The weight of material deposited on the cathode is what in relation to the current flow?

The correct answer is that the weight of material deposited on the cathode is directly proportional to the current flow. This relationship is rooted in Faraday's laws of electrolysis, which state that the amount of substance deposited at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the electric charge passed through the electrolyte.

In other words, as the current increases, the number of electrons flowing through the circuit also increases. This enhanced flow of electrons allows for a higher rate of electrochemical reduction occurring at the cathode. Consequently, more material is deposited on the cathode over a given period of time. This principle is crucial for understanding processes like electroplating or corrosion protection, where controlling the amount of material deposited is essential for achieving desired characteristics in the final product.

Other options, such as inversely proportional or unrelated, do not accurately represent this fundamental relationship in electrochemical processes. The notion of independence from resistance does not apply here since resistance can affect the current flow but does not alter the direct proportionality between current and deposition weight.