What does polarization refer to in electrochemistry?

In electrochemistry, polarization specifically refers to the deviation from the open circuit potential of an electrode. When an electrical potential is applied to the electrode, it affects the electrochemical reactions occurring at that electrode, leading to a difference between the actual potential and the open circuit potential. This phenomenon is especially critical when discussing corrosion and electrochemical cells since it impacts the efficiency of electrochemical reactions.

In practical terms, when polarization occurs, it reflects changes in concentration around the electrode surface and changes in the charge transfer kinetics, which can hinder current flow. Recognizing polarization is essential for understanding the dynamics of electrochemical systems, particularly in corrosion studies and when designing protective measures for various materials.