What does the movement of ions toward the cathode involve?

The movement of ions toward the cathode is a fundamental concept in electrochemistry, specifically in electrolysis and corrosion processes. The cathode is defined as the electrode where reduction takes place, which means it is the site for the gain of electrons.

In an electrolytic cell, cations (positively charged ions) are attracted to the cathode because they are seeking to gain electrons to achieve neutrality. Conversely, anions (negatively charged ions) are attracted to the anode, where oxidation occurs. This movement of ions under the influence of an electric field is crucial for maintaining charge balance within the electrolyte solution.

Since both cations are moving toward the cathode to gain electrons for reduction and anions are moving away from the anode, the option reflecting the involvement of both cations and anions provides a comprehensive understanding of the behavior of ions during the electrochemical process. This connection is essential for the overall electrochemical reaction, as the movement of both types of ions ensures that the current can flow and the electrochemical reactions can proceed effectively.